Beginning in the late 19th century, as the 
trade union and 
labor movements
 grew, different groups of trade unionists chose a variety of days on 
which to celebrate labor. In the United States a September holiday 
called Labor Day was first proposed in the 1880s. An early history of 
the holiday dates the event's origins to a General Assembly of the 
Knights of Labor convened in New York City in September 1882.
[2]
 In conjunction with this clandestine Knights assembly a public parade 
of various labor organizations was held on September 5 under the 
auspices of the 
Central Labor Union (CLU) of New York.
[2] Secretary of the CLU 
Matthew Maguire
 is credited for first proposing that a national Labor Day holiday 
subsequently be held on the first Monday of each September in the 
aftermath of this successful public demonstration.
[3]
Following the deaths of workers at the hands of 
United States Army and 
United States Marshals Service during the 
Pullman Strike of 1894 in Chicago, the 
United States Congress unanimously voted to approve legislation to make Labor Day a national holiday and President 
Grover Cleveland signed it into law six days after the end of the strike.
[8]
 Cleveland supported the creation of the national holiday in an attempt 
to shore up support among trade unions following the Pullman Strike.
[9] The date of May 1 (an ancient European holiday known as 
May Day) was an alternative date, celebrated then (and now) as 
International Workers' Day,
 but President Cleveland was concerned that observance of Labor Day on 
May 1 would encourage Haymarket-style protests and would strengthen 
socialist and 
anarchist movements that, though distinct from one another, had rallied to commemorate the 
Haymarket Affair on International Workers' Day.
[9][10]